When people see a cheetah, leopard, puma, or jaguar, they may think that they are all the same kind of big cat. But the truth is that they aren’t. These wild animals all belong to the Panthera genus and are known as the “big four” of the roaring cats along with lions and tigers.
The term panther is often used to refer to any big cat with black skin, but it is more commonly used to describe melanistic versions of these animals such as jaguars and leopards. Black panthers are leopards and jaguars with recessive alleles that make them a darker color than their non-melanistic counterparts. The same genes that cause these black cats to be melanistic also make them a bit larger than their spotted counterparts.
In general, leopards are the smallest of the big four cats with short legs and long bodies. They have a yellow-brownish thick coat with black spots that form rosettes. They are found in Africa and Southern Asia. These apex predators are also excellent swimmers and can go underwater to hunt for fish, caimans, and birds.
Leopards are solitary hunters and usually live alone, though they sometimes share territories with other males or females. They have a gestation period of 90 to 96 days and give birth to 1-5 cubs that will stay with their mother until they are ready to fend for themselves. With their elusive nature, these big cats have very few natural predators in the wild.