With its rounded, laterally compressed body and elongated snout, leopard fish (Ctenopoma acutirostre) have an eye-catching profile. Its light brown coloration is adorned with irregular spots and blotches, as well as a dark spot on the base of its tail that resembles an eye. In the wild, it inhabits a range of habitats from fast-flowing streams to stagnant ponds. It is most active at night and hides among thick vegetation during the day.
In the aquarium, leopard fish make hardy companions in a well-planted, spacious tank that provides them with plenty of hiding places. They will eat live prey, but will also readily take dead alternatives including bloodworms and frozen tubifex or daphnia. They can be a bit feisty and do not appreciate overly aggressive tankmates, so it is best to keep them alone or with other similarly sized, peaceful fish.
Leopard fish are ovoviviparous and lay eggs that float to the surface. They have no parental care, and the young are able to swim shortly after birth. They are very short-lived, with most specimens surviving only two years.
In the wild, leopard fish primarily feed on benthic invertebrates and small fish. They mutilate their prey by removing the heads, fins, and tails before swallowing them. Their diet is augmented by mollusks, crustaceans, and insects such as flies and mosquitoes (Ebert, 2005; Talent, 1976). They are also known to consume clam siphons, though the remains of a consumed clam have never been recovered from a leopard fish’s stomach.