Leopards are well-known for their visual abilities, which enable them to hunt both day and night. Their eyes are an intricate blend of camouflage, precision vision, and expressive cues that can convey their emotional state. However, there is a reason why it is considered rude to look a leopard in the eye – the feline knows you’ve seen it and may trigger its “fight or flight” response.
Like humans, leopards have round pupils that can dilate to let in more light or constrict in bright conditions. In dim light, the iridic granules in the eye act as a mirror, reflecting light back into the retinal cells. This increases the available light and improves acuity, helping leopards see small details. The pupils also contain photoreceptors that are more sensitive to light than human eyes, allowing them to detect motion even in very low levels.
But when it comes to hunting in daylight, leopards find that their eyes simply don’t have the ability to adapt to the harsh lighting. In fact, a study of 64 leopards tracked with radio collars found that only three of their daytime hunts resulted in kills.
As a nocturnal predator, leopards need precise vision for stalking and ambush attacks. In addition to their pupil size, color variations, and reflective tapetum lucidum, the eyes of these big cats offer other unique adaptations for nocturnal sight. They are able to glow with a luminescent substance that reflects light off the retina, enhancing their night vision and allowing them to see seven times better than we can. They also have specialized eyes that reflect light back through the retinal cells, providing an additional source of illumination.
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